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WELCOME

Welcome to the Ecological Society of America's online education resource portal! ESA's EcoEd Digital Library (EcoEdDL) is a forum for scientists and educators to locate and contribute peer reviewed resources for 21st century undergraduate ecology education. Resources are available based on the Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. EcoEdDL strives to foster a community of ecology education users and contributors. Need Help or More Info? Contact EcoEdDL@esa.org.

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New Resources
View Resource Effects of frost on wildflowers: an unexpected consequence of climate change--image 10 of 22

The number of flowers produced by the aspen sunflower (Helianthella quinquenervis) in a particular year is affected by the date of the start of the growing season, which is in turn influenced by the date that the winter snowpack melts. Years with low winter snowfall and warm springs have more rapid snowmelt and an earlier start to the growing season than years with a heavy snowpack or a cool...

 

Publisher: EcoEd Digital Library

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View Resource Effects of frost on wildflowers: an unexpected consequence of climate change--image 09 of 22

A graph of the number of unfrosted flowers of the aspen sunflower (Helianthella quinquenervis) from an annual count in a 10x45m plot at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado, by David Inouye. Note the significant fluctuation in the number of heads produced from year to year.

 

Publisher: EcoEd Digital Library

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View Resource Effects of frost on wildflowers: an unexpected consequence of climate change--image 08 of 22

Photo of a meadow with thousands of Helianthella quinquenervis (aspen sunflower, Asteraceae) plants. In the year that this photo was taken, a springtime frost killed all but a few flower buds. Compare with the photo of the same meadow in a year without frost. The lack of flowers in years having springtime frost has ecological consequences. There is no pollen or nectar for pollinators (bees and...

 

Publisher: EcoEd Digital Library

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View Resource Effects of frost on wildflowers: an unexpected consequence of climate change--image 07 of 22

A meadow with thousands of plants of Helianthella quinquenervis (aspen sunflower, Asteraceae) at peak bloom. This species is a common long-lived perennial plant in meadows near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. This photo was taken during a year without frost damage. Compare the presence and density of sunflowers with the photograph of the same meadow in a year when frost damage killed...

 

Publisher: EcoEd Digital Library

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View Resource Effects of frost on wildflowers: an unexpected consequence of climate change--image 06 of 22

Ants (Formica obscuripes) searching for extrafloral nectar on the involucral bracts around a flower head in bud in the frost-sensitive herb Helianthella quinquenervis. The ants help to deter oviposition by flies (Tephritidae) that try to lay eggs on the flower heads. Because fly larvae eat developing seeds, the ants benefit the plants. Thus, the ant / herb interaction represents a mutualism....

 

Publisher: EcoEd Digital Library

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http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2307/1936460